Islands & Water Task Force
The IWRA Task Force on Islands & Water is a forum to advance islands’ agendas that focus directly on freshwater, or as well as agendas in which freshwater is an essential element for achieving broader socio-economic and environmental objectives. The Task Force operates on the premise that, while islands share certain characteristics linked to their islandness, they are also highly diverse, depending on their geographical, socio-economic and legal/political circumstances.
The Task Force further recognises that Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) was not developed with islands in mind and therefore requires reconsideration from an island perspective. Finally, the Task Force will place particular emphasis on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and their participation in international processes, whether directly related to water or not.
Background
Difference between islands from a geographical, socio-economic and legal basis
Islands around the world come in all different forms. There are at least (probably more) three groupings that can be important from a science / policy perspective. First, depending on their geological nature and climatic conditions islands will rely on different freshwater sources (groundwater, rainwater, desalination). Second, depending on capacity and resources islands will be able to rely more (or less) on their freshwater resources. Whilst there are official UN related classifications, such as SIDS, there may be other (and better) ways to differentiate islands based on criteria other than GDP and economic growth. Third, islands can be more easily grouped into sovereign island states, sub-national island jurisdictions and oversea island territories. Furthermore, within any of these categories main and outer islands can be considered.
Assessing IWRM from an islands’ perspective – from ridge to reef
Building on the above-mentioned categories, there is an important question that drives the work of the Task Force: to what extent the management of freshwater framed around the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) aligns and responds to island realities. In some policy circles this is called “island proofing”. Two further aspects related to IWRM (or missing therein depending on the context) are the importance and integration of coastal marine waters and the role that informal institutions can (or should) play in shaping and implementing IWRM at an island level. Whilst IWRM related questions are for the Task Force to tackle, it is very likely that they will lead to a nuanced answer based on the different island context. It is also very likely that different parts of the ridge to reef water cycle of IWRM may require different approaches from an island perspective, whilst others may be more aligned to more general approaches that apply also to the so-called mainland. What is clear is that IWRM, as a concept, has not been developed having islands in mind. However, whether there is an island alternative to IWRM, or even an overarching alternative to IWRM, both for islands and non-islands, is something for the Task Force to look into. Finally, it will be important to better understand, in the context of the overarching question of islandness and IWRM, the science / policy space and how IWRA can contribute positively there to.
Focus on SIDS and relevance of islands in international policy environments
Further background to the development of the Task Force is the international policy environment that focuses directly and indirectly with islands and freshwater. An initial screening calls for attention to the implementation of the SIDS-4 outcome (islands focused) and on the UN Water Conference (water focused). However, there are many other “fora” that are relevant, such as, just to name a few, the UN Finance for Development Cooperation Conference, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change process, and the UN Biodiversity Convention process. There are also important regional initiatives that call for special attention, such as the Pasifika Engagement Strategy for Water Security 2025-2030, the Regional Integrated Water Resource Management Framework for the Caribbean (2024) and the Regional Strategic Action Plan for the Water Sector in the Caribbean to Develop Resilience to the Impacts of Climate Change (2021). IWRA, through the Task Force, needs to explore how best to leverage its science / policy interface and expertise within this complex and fragmented water and islands related international policy environment. Furthermore, IWRA has started to not only contribute, but also lead in the islands and water environment by contributing to the MOU establishing the Torshavn Dialogue on the Sustainable Management of Freshwater on Islands.
Objectives
Against the above-mentioned background, the Task Force has two objectives:
1. To share information and good practices about freshwater in islands from a science / policy interface;
2. To collaborate closely with islands and island stakeholders in multilateral processes.
Outcomes and activities
In order to meet the above-mentioned objectives, the Task Force will carry out the following activities:
- Act as Interim-Secretariat of the Torshavn Dialogue on the Sustainable Management of Freshwater on Islands
- Contribute to the organisation of the biennial IWRA Islands Water Congress and promote an island’s dimension to the biennial IWRA World Water Congress
- Develop a webinar [or other output] series aimed at sharing information and good practices about freshwater in islands from a science / policy interface
- Operate as a repository of resources (both research / academic related and policy / project related) of freshwater in islands
- Map island-based university work on freshwater with a possible aim of supporting a network bringing together work on freshwater and islands from a science / policy perspective
- Contribute to ongoing and future water related (directly and indirectly) multilateral processes relevant from an island perspective.
Governance
The Task Force will feature a Bureau as per IWRA Task Force guidelines. Bureau members will be selected by the Executive Board following a formal submission of interest by IWRA gold and silver members.
The Bureau will have two co-chairs and will establish Working Groups (WG) related to the outcomes and activities mentioned above:
- WG responsible for the MoU
- WG responsible for the IWRA Congresses
- WG responsible for webinar [or other output] series
- WG responsible for the repository of resources
The Bureau will meet four times per year of which, where possible, one will be in person at any IWRA Congress. Bureau members should attend at least two meetings per year.
Once the first WG is established by the Task Force Bureau, the Task Force will be open to all (not just gold and silver) IWRA members.
The Task Force will also, in due course, consider establishing geographical chapters and opening up internship opportunities linked to the specific WGs mentioned above.
Members - Bureau
Members of the interim Bureau
- Francesco Sindico, Co-chair
Francesco Sindico is a Professor of International Environmental Law at the University of Strathclyde Law School in Glasgow, Scotland. As a consultant and through a secondment he has collaborated with the Scottish Government Islands Team working on island governance and climate change related projects. He now heads from the University of Strathclyde the Secretariat of the European Islands Policy Network, that brings together island policy officials from Scotland, Ireland, Finland and Croatia. Francesco’s work and research has focused on Scottish islands, but he has also been working on matters relevant for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) from a public international law perspective, and from a climate change law angle. Within IWRA, he has led the International Scientific Committee of the First and Second Edition of the Islands Water Congress and co-leads the Islands and Water Task Force.
- Alana Mahabir
Alana S. Mahabir (PhD Candidate, Civil Engineering) is Head of the Water Resources Agency (WRA) at the Water and Sewerage Authority of Trinidad and Tobago. She provides strategic oversight and technical guidance for national water-resources management, with a strong emphasis on policy and regulatory strengthening. Her portfolio includes advancing abstraction licensing and administrative fee reform, supporting inter-agency water–climate coordination, and representing WRA in regional and international capacity-building initiatives. Alana also serves as Trinidad and Tobago’s national counterpart on isotope hydrology, applying environmental isotopes to protect groundwater and identify sustainable sources for national supply. Her PhD at The University of the West Indies centres on underserved rural communities, generating actionable evidence on rainwater harvesting governance to advance water equity, strengthen climate resilience in Small Island Developing States, and share transferable lessons globally through practical, field-informed research.
- Pamela Katic
Pamela Katic is an Associate Professor in Economics at the Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UK. She was previously based at the West Africa Office of the International Water Management Institute. Pamela is an environmental and water economist whose work focuses on water governance, justice, and sustainability at the interface of development, ecology, and society. Her research advances relational and transdisciplinary approaches that integrate Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge systems, multiple values of water, and nature-based solutions to address water and food insecurity and injustice(s) and socio-ecological vulnerability. She has extensive experience working in climate-exposed and data-scarce contexts, mobilising and co-creating knowledge to inform just water, food, and ecosystem governance. This work is directly relevant for SIDS and island Indigenous communities, where water systems are deeply embedded in cultural heritage, livelihoods, and wellbeing, and are increasingly threatened by climate change, environmental degradation, and structural inequities. Within IWRA, Pamela is an Associate Editor of Water International, IWRA’s flagship publication.
- Celso Garcia
Celso García serves as Professor of Physical Geography at the University of the Balearic Islands in Mallorca, Spain. His research focuses on the Balearic and Canary Islands, with a particular emphasis on the interplay between tourism development and water sustainability. Additional research areas encompass surface and groundwater hydrology, managed aquifer recharge, social perceptions of flood risk and flood management strategies, and integrated water resource management in island environments.
- Manuel Sapiano
Mr Sapiano is a hydrogeologist, with specific specialisation in island and coastal hydrology. He has been involved in the water sector since 1997 working for the Water Services Corporation (Malta’s national public water utility), the Malta Resources Authority (the regulatory authority for energy and water resources) and the Energy and Water Agency since 2013. He took the role of Chief Executive Officer for the Agency between 2018 and 2025. From a water management perspective during this period, he had the responsibility of coordinating the implementation process of EU related water legislation in the Maltese islands (including the Water Framework Directive, the Groundwater Water Directive and the Floods Directive), and hence directly involved in the development of Malta’s River Basin Management Plans. At a European Level, Mr Sapiano has followed in the implementation process of the EU Water Framework Directive since 2002, where within the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) of this Directive (led by the European Commission), he fulfilled the role of Water Director for Malta between 2013 and 2025. He also represented Malta on several EU CIS Working Groups including those on Water Reuse (co-chair), Groundwater (co-chair), Programmes of Measures and the Ad hoc Task Group on Water Scarcity and Droughts. Mr Sapiano works with Rizorsi Agrikoli Malta (RAM) within Malta’s Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Animal Rights (MAFA), focusing on the management of water resources in the agricultural sector. He also acts as a Senior Advisor to the Global Water Partnership – Mediterranean (GWP-Med) and sits on the scientific board of the Mediterranean Water Institute (IME).
