13ème Congrès Mondial de l'Eau, Montpellier, France

OS6f The human dimension of water management

abstract 414

Increasing Water Use Efficiencies through Participatory On-Farm Water Management Studies

Author(s): A Key Element to Establish Co-existence of Agricultural and Environmental Demands Case Study: Lake Uromiyeh Basin, I.R. Iran
Author(s): Shahab Daneshvar, Farshid Morshedi, Faramarz Bakhtiyari, Alireza Shokoohi, Karim Shiati
Mahab Ghodss Consulting Engineering Company, P.O. Box: 1939-6875, Takharestan st., Dastjerdi st., Tehran, Iran, Zip Code: 1918781185, PH: (+98) 21-22221071-7, FAX (+98) 21-22276487, Mobile: (+98) 912-1993549, email: Daneshvar@MahabGhodss.com

Keyword(s): Water Use Efficiency, Application Efficiency, On Farm Water Management, Participatory Management, Agricultural Demand, Environmental Demand

Article:

Poster:

Session: OS6f The human dimension of water management

AbstractThe Government of Iran (GoI) is pursuing a policy of modernisation and

expansion of irrigated area with objective to assure an increase of agricultural production and farmers’ incomes. This

development has as side effect that scarce water resources are increasingly strained. In traditionally irrigated areas

farmers, who are used to a little and unreliable water supply, tend to over supply water to crops in modern irrigation

schemes limiting potential area that can be brought under irrigation and leading to an increasing extension of areas

affected by waterlogging and salinity.
The Lake Uromiyeh Basin (51,000 km2) is located in Northwest of Iran. It

is a classic closed drainage basin. Economy of the basin is strongly dependent on agriculture. The Lake is one of the

most important and valuable aquatic ecosystems in Iran. It has been declared a National Park, Ramsar site and

UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. During the last two decades, pressures on natural resources of the Lake have grown

as a result of non-sustainable human activities (agricultural intensification, water resources developments). As a

result, the ecosystem has been severely degraded, such that its capacity to deliver social, economic and

environmental benefits is under real threat. Future of agriculture and of the Lake Uromiyeh National Park is under

severe threat because of increasing water abstractions for irrigation. There is an urgent need to raise awareness of

the ecosystem problems, to improve the low irrigation efficiencies (35%), and to enhance farmers' participation in

water management.
The GoI has formulated a policy for control of overuse of water. The policy is expected to

provide incentives to farmers to reduce water-use. Implementation of the policy will require cooperation and

acceptance of farmers, who will have to adjust their traditional irrigation practises.
Several studies, including Pilot

Water Management Studies (PWMS), have been carried out in the area with objective to determine with which

irrigation methodologies and management practices water use can be reduced while assuring similar or increased

yields. Outcome of studies forms basis of guidelines for reduced water use on on-farm level. In order to assure that

resulting guidelines are realistic and can be implemented by farmers, studies have been carried out in a participatory

way in a farmer’s environment.
Studies have been conducted on dominant crop, sugarbeet, in Naghadeh and

Mahabad plains in the Basin. Results show that upon improvement of on-farm water management practices 62-70%

less water would be used, while 14-29% higher yields are achieved. As a result application and water use

efficiencies would be increased by 43-67% and 74-79%, respectively. There is about 335500 hectares of lands

throughout the Basin under irrigated agriculture. Supposing a minimum sound value of 2500 m3/ha of water saving in

a cropping year through efficiency improvement roughly 839 MCM water would be potentially saved. It would

easily be concluded that finding and employing improved on-farm irrigation water management practices would result

in considerable impacts on agricultural water demand in the area, providing ample scope for co-existence of

agricultural and environmental demands for water in the basin.

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Increasing Water Use Efficiencies through Participatory On-Farm Water Management Studies